Knitted fabrics are quite distinct from woven fabrics. Woven fabrics are made by intertwining threads in a crisscross pattern, while knitting involves forming loops that interlock with previously created loops. This looping process creates the structure of a knitted fabric. In machine knitting, multiple needles and yarn feeders take over the work that, in hand knitting, would be done by hand and pins.
Knitting essentially transforms continuous strands of yarn into interlocking loops, where each new row of loops hangs from the one before it. The core of a knitted fabric is the loop, which meshes with the loops next to and above it.
Knitted fabrics fall into two main categories: weft-knitted and warp-knitted. Weft knitting uses a single thread running horizontally to create a row of loops, while in warp knitting, each loop in a row is formed from a different thread. This means that in warp knitting, the threads generally run vertically.
Knitting has a long history in the textile industry, with hand-knitted goods being produced for centuries. The first mechanical knitting machine was invented in 1589 by English clergyman William Lee. Over the centuries, knitting machines have evolved significantly. For example, in the 18th century, Jedediah Strutt invented a double-knit technique, and innovations like circular knitting machines were introduced by the likes of Monsieur Decroix and Matthew Townsend.
These advances continued into the 20th century, with electronic needle selection and modern machines capable of producing millions of stitches per minute. Mayer & Cie, a notable player in knitting machine development, introduced mass production of circular knitting machines, leading to breakthroughs in efficiency and fabric quality.
Today, knitting is a versatile method used to produce a wide range of apparel, home goods, and industrial materials. Modern technology has allowed knitted fabrics to expand into areas traditionally dominated by woven textiles, with production growing to meet the increasing demand for these flexible, form-fitting fabrics. Despite its popularity, many people still find it challenging to distinguish knitted fabrics from woven ones, and few understand the complex process behind their creation.
